Inverse of linear fractional function

Functions: Fractional functions

Inverse of linear fractional function

We have seen that determining the inverse function is the same as isolating the variable #x# in a formula of the form #y=\ldots#. Now we will investigate how to do that for linear fractional functions.

	Procedure We determine the inverse function of the linear fractional function #\green{y}=\frac{a\blue{x}+b}{c\blue{x}+d}# with #a#, #b#, #c# and #d# as numbers.	Example #\green{y}=\frac{2\blue{x}-5}{3\blue{x}+2}#
Step 1	Multiply by the denominator of the fraction: #c\blue{x}+d#.	#\green{y} \left(3\blue{x}+2\right)=2\blue{x}-5#
Step 2	Expand the brackets.	#3\blue{x}\green{y}+2 \green{y}=2\blue{x}-5#
Step 3	By means of reduction move the terms without #x# to the right and the terms with a #x# to the left hand side.	#3\blue{x}\green{y}-2\blue{x}=-2 \green{y}-5#
Step 4	Move #x# outside brackets.	#\blue x \left(3 \green{y}-2\right)=-2 \green{y}-5#
Step 5	Divide by what's in between the brackets, so that we only have #x# at the left hand side.	#\blue x=\frac{-2 \green{y}-5}{3 \green{y}-2}#
Step 6	Swap the #\blue x# into a #\green y# and the #\green y# into a #\blue x# to get the inverse function.	#\green y=\frac{-2 \blue{x}-5}{3 \blue{x}-2}#

Isolating a variable or determining the inverseIf the question is to isolate the variable #x# in the formula, we don't have to execute step 6 of the procedure. We are ready after step 5.

On the other hand, if we are asked to determine the inverse of a function of the form #f(x)=\tfrac{a\blue{x}+b}{c\blue{x}+d}# we first replace #f(x)# with #\green y# and then execute the procedure. In the end, after step 6, we can replace #\green y# again with #f^{-1}(x)#.

Isolate #x# in
\[y={{5\cdot x+8}\over{4\cdot x+4}}\]

#x={{8-4\cdot y}\over{4\cdot y-5}}#

#\begin{array}{rcl}
y&=&{{5\cdot x+8}\over{4\cdot x+4}} \\ &&\phantom{xxx}\blue{\text{the original function }}\\
y \cdot \left(4\cdot x+4\right)&=& 5\cdot x+8 \\ &&\phantom{xxx}\blue{\text{both sides divided by }4\cdot x+4}\\
4\cdot x\cdot y+4\cdot y&=&5\cdot x+8 \\ &&\phantom{xxx}\blue{\text{brackets expanded}}\\
4\cdot x\cdot y-5\cdot x &=&8-4\cdot y \\&&\phantom{xxx}\blue{\text{ter‍ms with } x \text{ to the left hand side, terms without }x \text{ to the right hand side }}\\
x\cdot \left(4\cdot y-5\right) &=& 8-4\cdot y \\ &&\phantom{xxx}\blue{x \text{ moved outside brackets}}\\
x&=&{{8-4\cdot y}\over{4\cdot y-5}} \\ &&\phantom{xxx}\blue{\text{divided by }4\cdot y-5}\\
\end{array}#

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